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Grain Combine Harvester. Description of a New Concept.

[Category : - DESIGN PATENTS]
[Viewed 89 times]

Current combine harvesters for grain crops are bulky and heavy. Their operation is based on replicating the complete cycle of manual harvesting and threshing processes: cutting, picking up, threshing, separation in the straw walker, and either chopping or baling the straw.
In mechanized harvesting, each of these processes individually requires numerous different settings and adjustments:
• Cutting: Stubble height and ground contour following, synchronization with the reel (speed, height), forward speed of the combine, detection of foreign objects in the field that could damage the header, and much more.
• Windrow picking (in two-stage harvesting): Height of the pickup above the ground, feed rate of the windrow into the threshing mechanism, detection of foreign objects...
• Grain threshing: Adjustment of the feeder house feed rate, adjustment and calibration of the threshing concave clearances (inlet and outlet), drum speed during threshing...
• Straw walker (separation of grain from chaff): Parameters for the speed of the straw and chaff mixture during grain separation...
• Straw baling or chopping: Bulky units.
The large dimensions and weight of modern combines adversely affect soil properties. The soil becomes compacted and loses its fertility. Multiple sensors and adjustments require constant attention, frequent recalibration, repair, or replacement.
The proposed new combine concept eliminates the need for a cutter bar or pickup header, a conventional drum-type threshing unit (which must process massive volumes of straw and grain), as well as the straw walker (oscillating sieves), and the straw baler or chopper.
Instead of all the aforementioned conventional units, a compact pneumo-mechanical thresher is used, equipped with a comb for feeding lodged heads, a cyclone for centrifugal cleaning of grain from chaff, and a grain tank.
The straw remaining in the field after threshing can be chopped by existing soil tillage units (such as the BDT-7) and incorporated into the soil. Given the current trend towards no-till farming, chopped and incorporated straw will serve as an excellent green manure or mulch.
If necessary, the straw can also be mowed and baled for winter fodder in square bales or round bales.
Work is currently underway to optimize the following parameters:
• The level of vacuum generated in the thresher.
• The airflow velocity created by the vacuum in the thresher.
• Thresher parameters: configuration of the threshing "hammers," number of "hammers," size of "hammers," rotational speed of the "hammer" drum...
• The internal configuration of the thresher to ensure a sufficiently high airflow velocity.
• Design calculations for the fan generating the vacuum.
• Design calculations for the cyclone ensuring the separation of grains from chaff.
• Calculation of the power consumed by the combine for the threshing process and for propulsion across the field.
• And much more.

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nikolos (Germany)

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