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Manufacturing of biofuels (TME Biodiesel)

[Category : - OTHER- RENEWABLE ENERGY]
[Viewed 573 times]

Manufacturing of biofuels from (TME).

What is Biodiesel (TME).

Biodiesel is the name of a clean burning alternative fuel produced from domestic, renewable resources. Biodiesel contains no petroleum, but it can be blended at any level with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend
Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by Transesterification of vegetable oil or animal fat (tallow), which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petro-diesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
Biodiesel is made through a chemical process called transesterification whereby the glycerin is separated from the fat and oil. Oil can be extracted from rapeseed, soybeans, Jatropha, mustard, flax, sunflower, palm, and hemp. Animal fats including tallow, white grease (lard), yellow grease, chicken fat, and fish oil are also good raw materials for biodiesel.
The most common raw materials for biodiesel in the U.S. today are virgin soybean oil, animal fats, and recycled vegetable oil. The process leaves behind three usable products-

1 Methyl esters (Secondary name is biodiesel B100)
2 Glycerin – Pharma Industries
3 Fatty oil – soap Industries

How can Biodiesel be used.

The biodiesel is Direct/blended with regular diesel fuel:

1 B100 biodiesel can be use directly, without blended with petroleum diesel.
2 In low levels with diesel (1 to 5%) (B99 to B95).
3 As a higher blend with diesel (20%) (B80).
4 B20 is the most commonly proposed blend for future use.

Importance of Biodiesel.

1 Bio-diesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can be used directly in any existing, unmodified diesel engine.
2 Rather than importing other countries’ ancient natural resources, we could be using our own living resources to power our development and enhance our economies.
3 producing more bio-fuels will save foreign exchange and reduce energy expenditures and allow developing countries to put more of their resources into health, education and other services for their neediest citizens.
4 Bio-fuels burn more cleanly than gasoline and diesel. Using biofuels means producing fewer emissions of carbon monoxide, particulates, and toxic chemicals that cause smog, aggravate respiratory and heart disease, and contribute to thousands of premature deaths each year.

Benefits of Biodiesel.

1 Biodiesel reduces 100% CO2 emission.
2 Biodiesel reduces smoke due to soot free and complete combustion.
3 Biodiesel reduces hydrocarbon emission.
4 Biodiesel reduces carbon monoxide emission.
5 Biodiesel is safe for transport due to high flash point.
6 Biodiesel is safe for handle as it is bio-degradable and non-toxic.
7 Biodiesel is renewable energy sources.
8 Biodiesel promotes rural development.

Biodiesel in Environment.

1 Bio diesel substantially reduces unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matter in exhaust fumes. Sulphur dioxide emissions are 100% eliminated (bio diesel contains no sulphur).
2 Biodiesel is environmentally friendly: it is renewable, "more biodegradable than sugar and less toxic than table salt" (US National Biodiesel Board).
3 Biodiesel was the first renewable fuel to successfully complete the EPA-required Health Effects Testing under the Clean Air Act. Mutagenicity studies show that biofuel dramatically reduces potential risks of cancer and birth defects.
4 Bio Diesel is environmental friendly and ideal for heavily polluted cities. Bio Diesel is as biodegradable as salt Bio Diesel produces 80% less carbon dioxide and 100% less sulphur dioxide emissions.
5 It provides a 90% reduction in cancer risks.
6 Bio Diesel can be used alone or mixed in any ratio with mineral oil diesel fuel.
7 Bio Diesel extends the life of diesel engines. Bio Diesel is cheaper than mineral oil diesel. Bio Diesel is conserving natural resources.
8 Health problems as a result of emissions exposure are also greatly reduced by the cleaner emissions of biodiesel. According to the American Lung Association biodiesel emissions are 90% less toxic than petro-diesel and will reduce incidents of health hazards such as asthma, emphysema and lung cancer.

Features of Biodiesel.

1 Biodiesel is a clean burning fuel.
2 Biodiesel does not have any toxic emissions like mineral diesel.
3 Biodiesel is made from any vegetable oil such as Soya, Rice bran, Canola, Palm, Coconut, mustard or peanut or from any animal fat like Lard or tallow.
4 Biodiesel is a complete substitute of Mineral diesel (HSD).
5 Biodiesel is made through a chemical process which converts oils and fats of natural origin into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).
6 Biodiesel IS NOT vegetable oil.
7 Biodiesel is intended to be used as a replacement for petroleum diesel fuel, or can be blended with petroleum diesel fuel in any proportion.
8 Biodiesel does not require modifications to a diesel engine to be used.
9 Biodiesel has reduced exhaust emissions compared to petroleum diesel fuel.
10 Biodiesel has lower toxicity compared to petroleum diesel fuel.
11 Biodiesel is safer to handle compared to petroleum diesel fuel.
12 Biodiesel quality is governed by ASTM D 6751 quality parameters.
13 Biodiesel is biodegradable.

Financial information

Economic Growth.

1 Bio-fuels create new markets for agricultural products and stimulate rural development because bio-fuels are generated from crops; they hold enormous potential for farmers.

2 Bio-fuels have enormous potential to change this situation for the better, At the community level.

3 Farmers that produce dedicated energy crops can grow their incomes and grow their own supply of affordable and reliable energy.

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